Break The Admin Password


A Loophole u never knew about : Amit

This works on WIn 2000 & WIN XP.

Dis can be used to gain access to the website you want to
for free, and how you can gain access to 'control panel', and the various
other tools of Widows that may have been blocked from your grasp like 'regedit' by the administrator. IT can be used in schools & colleges..

When u are at the log on screen, type in your username and
password. NOW When you hit enter, and it comes up with
the next screen, the rectangle one, immediatly pull out the network
cable i.e. the cable wire.

Now u can log on without any restrictions because when the cable is pulled off then it does not download any settings from the server. Now you have access to control panel, & all the other features which had been blocked BUT there will be no
network access. But that's cool because now we can access 'Internet options',
click in the 'connections' tab click the LAN settings, click the proxy
settings, and in the little white box at the bottom we can specify websites
that bypass the proxy server (eg www.yahoo.com) Now once you have changed
the settings to what you wish, apply them and restart the computer. Now get someone else to log onto it because if you log in it will load the cached settings from your previous log in, then after the other person logs in, everyone that logs in after them included themselves will have the
internet settings you specified.

Its only an 'Unplugging technique' to gain access to a comp. locked by the administrator.

Now you can gain access to msconfig, regedit, command etc disable the virus scanner, or to install a trojan or a virus according to u're will..

XP HOME ADVANCED FILE PERMISSIONS.!!

Access *Advance file Permissions* on NTFS file systems for XP Home simply by booting into *Safe Mode*, rt-clicking any file or folder, and navigating to the *Security tab*. This gives the user the ability to allow or deny read, write, execute, read & write, display contents, full-control, iheritance, and take ownership permissions, with many more options available to apply to different users and groups stored on the computer. Well, you don't have to do this in *Safe Mode* (XP Home). Although it is a little less intuitive, you can simply go to your command prompt - Start>All Programs>Accessories>Command Prompt. Now type "cacls" in the window (without the quotes). This gives you the ability to add, remove or modify file permissions on files and folders through the command prompt. Type "cacls /?" for help on different options and variables. You do not need to be in safe mode to use this so it makes it a little quicker than using the safe mode security tab GUI. Remember - this only applies to NTFS. Here also is a very useful link to find a lot of extras and tweaks straight from the horse's mouth - the Microsoft Resource Center. You will find a lot of very useful web-based extra's here, most of them left unknowing to the general public - such as, "Online Crash Analysis" - a site that looks like Windows Update but you can upload your crash "dump logs" (when you get those system or application crash error reports). Microsoft will then analyze the log file and tell you some more info about WHY the system crashed (ie. faulty hardware/software/conflicts, etc).


Now lets c how to open restricted site on college servers
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Administrator like account

1-Introduction
This article introduce very simple way to get Administrator like account and do the job and after finish recover your way, after that Get Admin Password later in your home by Cracking, After get the Admin Password Create a hidden user account and do all your jobs free, and Explain how to make a USB Storage Device Bootable corresponding to any system boot, and how to bypass Mother Board password by Default Passwords, and how to extract it if you are in the system

2-To Hackers / Security Systems Engineers

First All must know that both Hackers / Security Systems Engineers Are 2 faces to the same coin Any way, I try this on Windows XP SP2 I want all to try it on Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista Any Windows NT and POST a Message to make all know what versions exactly this idea can apply for

3-Close Look to hole

Microsoft stores all Security Information in many files but the main file is the SAM file (Security Accounts Manager)! this file contain critical information about users account you can explore the folder
$windir$\system32\config
You will find all things and may discover some thing new, but what amazing here is that the file is available, so we can apply our idea You will Not be able To copy them Under XP

4-Dose Microsoft Know and Why!?

Yes Microsoft Know all things, and done on purpose why? I always for many years ask my self why Microsoft doesn’t do real security on their systems from the CD setup to all security aspects In the system, I found(my opinion may wrong)that they need to achieve 2 strategic things

1-They need their software spread and all depend on it and in one day when they feel that they are the One The security will done and all money will go to One Pocket

2-They Forced/Like to Make Some Organizations Hack other systems

Proof:
They can make this File SAM Unavailable by storing the information in FAT, FAT32, NTFS Areas (Sectors reserved by The Operating SYSTEM to Store the Addresses of the files on the HardDisk File Allocation Table) So that it is hard to extract. But they don't!!!!!

5-Understand the Idea

The Idea is simple I will explain it manually and it can then be programmed it is so easy here is the idea

The SAM file is available and the SAM file contain a Security Information, so I created a Free Windows XP SP2 Logon account (Administrator Account without password) that means when windows Lunch it Will enter directly to the system without asking about any password And windows will store this Account in The SAM file on My PC So the SAM file on My PC contain an Account will Make you enter Directly to the Windows, so I will take My SAM File and Replace (by renaming, we will need the original file to recover our way) It with the other SAM File in The Other System or Machine So When you restart It will make you enter directly to the Windows With Administrator Like Account ,do what you need and then back all things to the previous state. All These Steps will be under other system bootable DOS, Knoppiex, Windows Live CD, Because Windows XP will not make u able to copy the Files

6-Get Admin Like Account (The Simple Way)

1- Download My 2 SAM files I Include them in Downloads
2- Go to the target Machine , and try to Access it and Boot from any device CD-ROM, Floppy.
3- After Get Access to the Boot Command prompt c:> or Boot Live OS CD, Go to the windows folder $windir$\system32\config And Copy the SAM File and System File (we will need it later) To other folder, Then go to $windir$\repair copy SAM file
And then Rename the 2 SAM Files to SAM1 in their original places
4- Copy My SAM/config File and Paste it in the windows folder $windir$\system32\config Copy My SAM/Repair File and Paste it in the windows folder $windir$\repair (may this step not required)
5- Reboot and Make windows enter Normally
6- Yeah, No You are in The System
7- Copy the files in step 3 to Floppy Disk or Flash Stick Or Send it to your mail via Internet
8- After finish repeat step 2 and delete My SAM files and Rename Both SAM1 to SAM
9- Reboot , Congratulation you recover your way

7-Crack the SAM-Know the real Admin Password and Apply Hint 8

There is many ways I will introduce 2 ways and explain 1 After you get the SAM File and System File there are Programs That extract the Accounts and their passwords, depending on the idea of cracking the HASH (the HASH is one way encryption method) so that The program will generate random passwords and convert them to HASH and then compare it with the HASHES in the SAM File , so it may take a long time but for fast you will pay more money for ready made HASHES with their user names and passwords the 2 program are

1-L0phtcrack v4.0 (LC4 alternate name) the most famous on the NET
2-SAMInside http://www.insidepro.com/I include on the Downloads

I will explain fast SAMInside


This is the main window press Ctrl+O or by mouse click Import SAM and SYSTEM


Window will open to import the 2 files and the program will start to crack the Accounts and get them, and then display users names and their passwords

Any other tool will do the job try all and select your best I Explain here SAMInside because he give me results with 6 character only password and get it FAST

8-Creat a Hidden User Accountn

Windows NT / Windows 2000 and Windows XP has a security setting to hide accounts from the Logon Screen/Control panel users accounts
Press
Ctrl+Alt+Delet
Give you another Access Dialog


Steps:

1-After getting Admin Password enter to the system
2-create an Account with password
3-click start - > Run - > type Regedit press Enter
4-Go to
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\WindowsNT\ CurrentVersion\Winlogon\SpecialAccounts\UserList



5- Create a new DWORD Value on the UserList
6-Name it with Name of Account to be Hidden
7-set the Value Data of this DWORD Value to 0 to hide it /1 to appear it
8- close Regedit and Reboot
9- Press Ctrl+Alt+Delete when logon Screen Appear another login dialog appear type You hidden user name and password and press Enter

Note:

1- the account profile will be visible in \Documents and Settings, But it will be hidden from Logon Screen and User Account in the control panel

2-there is other method that Inject your Account directly to the Admin SAM without know the Admin Pass, but believe me you don't Expect the result, so if you want try it (if the password hard to get)

9-USB Boot for FAT32, NTFS or any File System

HP Always amazing me to do this we need 2 tools

1- HP USB Disk Storage Format Tool v 2.0.6 I include in Downloads If u want to find more go to http://www.hp.com/
2- NTFSDOS Professional Boot Disk Wizard I include in Downloads If u want to find more go to http://www.winternals.com/

Just connect your USB Storage
steps:
1- Prepare a Startup Disk or Startup CD , Or any Equivalent
2- In the HP tool select the Device->your USB Storage
3- Select File System FAT or FAT32
4- Check "create a DOS startup disk" checkbox and then select option "using DOS System Files Located at"
5- brows your location
6- Click Start
7- Now you have a Bootable USB Storage Device
8- Now in the NTFSDOS Professional Boot Disk Wizard follow the wizard and you will get a NTFS bootable USB Storage

Why we need NTFS ?
If the Partition of the Windows System is NTFS so with normal Startup you will not be able to access any files because the File System is not Recognized by MS-DOS when we install NTFSDOS Professional on the bootable disk it will allow you To Access any File Under NTFS

Note:
Make sure that the option in Mother board Setup of First Boot "USB-Hard Disk" if you want to boot from a USB

What is hacking ?

What are hackers?

Technically, a hacker is someone who is enthusiastic about computer programming and all things relating to the technical workings of a computer. Under such a definition, I would gladly brand myself a hacker. (There is in fact more to it than that - hackerdom is an entire culture in its own right.) However, most people understand a hacker to be what is more accurately known as a 'cracker'. Worryingly, people tend to prefer to use the word 'hacker' over the more technically correct 'cracker'. This means that many are afraid to use the word for its correct meaning. On this website, when I refer to a hacker, I actually mean a cracker. This is because I prefer to use language that I feel most people understand, rather than language that is technically correct. If you want to know what a cracker is, please read ahead to the next section...

What are crackers?

Crackers are people who try to gain unauthorised access to computers. This is normally done through the use of a 'backdoor' program installed on your machine. A lot of crackers also try to gain access to resources through the use of password cracking software, which tries billions of passwords to find the correct one for accessing a computer. Obviously, a good protection from this is to change passwords regularly. Another good move is the use of software that supports intruder lockout, where no further passwords are accepted after a certain number of bad passwords have tried. Even the correct password wouldn't allow access. Such blocks are normally released after a period of time has elapsed (eg 15 minutes). Of course, an even better idea is never to put security-sensitive resources on the Internet in the first place. If you don't want something to be accessed from the Internet, then make it so that it is only accessible from your local network, or even just from one computer. However, backdoor programs are programs that can expose files to the Internet that were never meant to be shared with other people. You can protect yourself from these by using a firewall and a good up-to-date anti-virus program. You would normally get such a backdoor program by opening an e-mail attachment containing the backdoor program. It is normal for such a backdoor program to send out more copies of itself to everyone in your address book, so it is possible for someone you know to unintentionally send you a malicious program. Note that this can normally only be done if you are using Microsoft Outlook or Outlook Express. A few backdoor programs can work with any e-mail program by sitting in memory and watching for a connection to a mail server, rather than actually running from within a specific mail program. If you do use Outlook or Outlook Express, and you do not have the correct security patches installed, it may be possible for a malicious program to be executed from an e-mail when you receive it, without the need for you to click on any attachments. Note that the same bug also affects Internet Explorer. A security patch is available for this, but personally I would advise that you use different mail and web browsing software. There are other ways of cracking as well, some more widespread than others. See How do hackers hack? for more information.Note that on most of this website, I refer to 'hackers' instead of 'crackers'. I mean 'crackers'. A cracker is someone too who does reverse eng. on programs and covers LL programming languages (like ASM 4 example) and modifies the program, mostly in aim of removing limitations !

What damage can a hacker do?

This depends upon what backdoor program(s) are hiding on your PC. Different programs can do different amounts of damage. However, most allow a hacker to smuggle another program onto your PC. This means that if a hacker can't do something using the backdoor program, he can easily put something else onto your computer that can. Hackers can see everything you are doing, and can access any file on your disk. Hackers can write new files, delete files, edit files, and do practically anything to a file that could be done to a file. A hacker could install several programs on to your system without your knowledge. Such programs could also be used to steal personal information such as passwords and credit card information. Some backdoor programs even allow a hacker to listen in on your conversations using your computer's microphone if one is attached! Hackers can do great damage to your computer. They could delete vital files from your hard disk, without which your computer could not work. However, you can re-install these from backups (you do keep backups, don't you?) In theory, the absolute worst damage a hacker could do is turn your computer into a large paperweight. It is possible - the CiH virus demonstrated how. This virus attacked your computer using the then new Flash BIOS technology. This capability was intended to be used to upgrade your computer's BIOS. (The BIOS is a program stored on a chip inside your computer. It controls quite a lot of low-level stuff and is a very vital part of your computer. It is the BIOS that does all the memory checks when you turn on, and also performs the first stage in loading your operating system.) However, the virus used this 'feature' to destroy the BIOS. Without the BIOS, the computer can't work. The only way to recover from this would be to replace your computer's motherboard. At the time of writing this, there are no backdoor programs that can do the same thing, but it is easy enough for a hacker to install a virus that does. Since the CiH virus, many BIOSs have a "flash write protect" option in BIOS setup, and/or a jumper setting on the motherboard that has a similar effect. See your motherboard manual for details.

How does a firewall protect me?

Basically, firewalls protect your computer from unauthorised access attempts. There are two kinds of firewall. Networked computers tend to be connected to the Internet through just one or two computers (hence only one Internet connection is required). These computers behave as firewalls by blocking any unauthorised packets. Any other packets are passed on to the computer they are intended for. This kind of firewall is called a corporate firewall. The kind of firewall you may be more familiar with is a personal firewall- this is a program that runs on your computer, and blocks any unauthorised incoming packets. Personally, I use ZoneAlarm. The great thing about ZoneAlarm is that it is easy to configure. Also, it only allows chosen programs to access the Internet- allowing you to block hackers that use standard protocols such as FTP. In case of emergency, it also has an emergency stop button, which allows you to block allfree by private individuals and charities. Businesses, governments, and educational institutions can download ZoneAlarm on the basis of a 60-day free trial. See ZoneLab's website for more information. access to the Internet immediately. ZoneAlarm can be downloaded and used for Remember that although a firewall stops hackers from getting in, it will not remove any existing 'backdoor' software from your machine. For this, you need a good anti-virus product like Norton or Sophos. Also make sure that you use your anti-virus software regularly, and that you keep it up-to-date.

How do I report hackers?

When an access attempt occurs, if you have alert popups turned on, ZoneAlarm will tell you the IP address of the possible hacker. This looks something like 123.123.123.123 (example only). You can use this information to track down and report hackers to their ISP. Bare in mind that you are unlikely to get any response apart from a simple acknowledgement- they have to deal with hundreds of reports like yours every day. Here is a rough guide of how to report hackers (note: some of the programs referred to are only available in Windows):

1. Make a note of all the information ZoneAlarm gives you. If possible, use ZoneAlarm's text log option- many ISPs prefer text log format (personally, I supply ZoneAlarm's text log and an English translation).
2. Select Start, Run... In the Run box, type in "winipcfg" and then click OK. This will tell you what your IP address is (among other things). Write down the IP address.
3. Use an Internet tool like SamSpade's address digger to look up which ISP uses the IP address given in your firewall's log.
4. This will return a lot of technical information. Some ISPs add remarks to this information telling you where to send abuse reports to. Make a note of any such e-mail addresses. If there is no such information, look at the official name for the server (near the top), or the names of the domain name servers. To convert these to an e-mail address, remove everything before the first period, including the period itself, then add 'abuse@' in front of it.
5. Now send an e-mail to the abuse address(es) you have. If the recipient obviously isn't English (eg if the e-mail address ends in .de (Germany) or .fr (France)), write it in their language, if you know it. If not, don't worry, most people speak at least a little English, and the technical language of computers is the same almost anywhere you go!
6. Include in the message what ZoneAlarm told you. Also include your own IP address (this is what winipcfg told you), the date, the time, your time zone (in relation to GMT), and an indication of how accurate your computer's clock is (eg if you set it by the atomic clock every day, say so!)

What is a port scan?

A port scan is, quite simply, a test to see if a computer exists and responds to access attempts on a certain port (eg TCP port 80, used by the HTTP protocol). Port scans, on their own, are quite harmless and have many legitimate uses. However, they also have a malicious use, which is to test to see if any particular backdoor software is running on a computer for the purposes of then using such backdoor software. In my Internet logs, I include all unauthorised port scans of my computer. I tend to describe these port scans as hack attempts, since it is most likely that this is what they are. To be absolutely pedantic, I shouldn't really describe them as such, since there may be other explanations.

What is an IP address?

An IP address is a number that can uniquely identify any computer on the Internet. With the current Internet protocol (IPv4), an IP address is a 32-bit number. That means that as a binary number, it would be stored as 32 ones and zeroes. There are 4,294,967,296 possible IP addresses. However, we humans tend to split IP addresses into four 8-bit numbers, express these numbers using our decimal number system, and separate them with dots. With 8-bit numbers, each number must be a whole number in the range 0 to 255, inclusive. For example, an IP address of 2,071,690,107 would probably be expressed as 123.123.123.123 (example only). Some people might express an IP address in hexadecimal as well (7B7B7B7Bh in this case). The dotted IP address is by far the most common, however. As the Internet grows, plans are being made to increase the size of IP addresses. (The "next" Internet protocol, IPv6, uses 128-bit IP addresses.) The problem with that, of course, is that quite a few Internet protocols would need to be rewritten, since they are designed to work with 32-bit IP addresses. This includes the Internet Protocol itself (IP). Thankfully, Internet packets include an IP version flag, so it would be possible to have both old and new implementations of the IP communicate with each other. (The newer implementation would use the older protocol when communicating with older implementations. Implementations of the IP would know whether a computer was using the older or newer protocol from the version flag. Unfortunately, older implementations would not be able to access anything outside of the 32-bit IP range.) IP addresses can be statically or dynamically allocated. Statically allocated IP addresses always refer to the same computer. However, dynamically allocated IP addresses can refer to different computers at different times. For example, if you have a dial-up Internet connection, your IP address doesn't become unused when you hang up- it is allocated to someone else. When you reconnect, you are allocated a new IP address. This is dynamic allocation.

How can I hack?

I don't like that first person pronoun... I don't mind explaining how hackers hack, but I won't explain how you can hack. This is not a pro-hacking website. This is a computer security site. My aim is not to encourage or assist hacking in any way. I aim to try to inform people of the risks that they may be exposed to, so that they can better protect themselves from these risks. I also provide this website as a resource for those with an academic interest. If you want a rough idea of some of the cracking methods that other people (not you) use, just read on to the next section.

How do hackers hack?

There are many ways in which a hacker can hack. The most common way is by using a backdoor program. See What damage can a hacker do? for more information on these. However, there are some 'special' cases. Click a link below for more information. NetBIOS - UDP 137, UDP 138, TCP 139
ICMP Ping - Internet Control Message Protocol
FTP - TCP 21
rpc.statd - TCP 111, TCP 9704
lpr - TCP 515
HTTP - TCP 80

How can NetBIOS be harmful?

NetBIOS hacks are the worst kind, since they don't require you to have any hidden backdoor program running on your computer. This kind of hack exploits a bug in Windows 9x. NetBIOS is meant to be used on local area networks, so machines on that network can share information. Unfortunately, the bug is that NetBIOS can also be used across the Internet - so a hacker can access your machine remotely.Not all Windows computers are vulnerable to this kind of attack. If you have a firewall that blocks incoming NetBIOS packets, you are safe. Some network configurations will also be immune. To find out whether you are vulnerable, visit GRC's ShieldsUP!, and click the "Test My Shields!" image half way down the page. Note that GRC will attempt to connect to your computer using NetBIOS - this is just to test whether your computer is vulnerable. GRC will not retain any information about your computer, nor will any damage be done. NetBIOS uses TCP port 139, UDP port 137 and UDP port 138.

How can ICMP Ping be harmful?

ICMP is one of the main protocols that makes the Internet work. It standards for Internet Control Message Protocol. 'Ping' is one of the commands that can be sent to a computer using ICMP. Ordinarily, a computer would respond to this ping, telling the sender that the computer does exist. This is all pings are meant to do.Pings may seem harmless enough, but a large number of pings can make a Denial-of-Service attack, which overloads a computer. Also, hackers can use pings to see if a computer exists and does not have a firewall (firewalls can block pings). If a computer responds to a ping, then the hacker could then launch a more serious form of attack against a computer. People who do have firewalls normally don't bother to report pings, because they are innocent in themselves - allowing the hacker to continue hacking for quite a long period of time.

How can FTP be harmful?

FTP is a standard Internet protocol, standing for File Transfer Protocol. You might use it for file downloads from some websites. If you have a web page of your own, you might use FTP to upload it from your home computer to the web server. However, FTP can also be used by some hackers... FTP normally requires some form of authentication for access to private files, or for writing to files. Hackers can get round this by using programs called "backdoor programs". You wouldn't know if you had one of these, unless you used an up-to-date virus scanner regularly. You could get a backdoor program by opening an infected E-mail attachment. FTP backdoor programs, such as Doly Trojan, Fore, and Blade Runner, simply turn your computer into an FTP server, without any authentication. Using a known protocol such as FTP is easier for hackers because the protocol is already defined - not so much new software needs to be written to use it (a normal FTP client could be used - the hacker wouldn't need any specialist software). Also, since FTP has legitimate uses, many firewalls do not block it. Luckily, ZoneAlarm does.

How can rpc.statd be harmful?

This is a problem specific to Linux and Unix. I am not too sure with what precisely rpc.statd should be used for. I do, however, know that it is used by hackers. rpc.statd is typically used as a 'file locking status monitor' (whatever that is) on local area networks. Not all versions of Linux/Unix use it, and some versions have had the security glitch I am about to describe fixed. The problem is the infamous unchecked buffer overflow problem. This is where a fixed amount of memory is set aside for storage of data. If data is received that is larger than this buffer, the program should truncate the data or send back an error, or at least do something other than ignore the problem. Unfortunately, the data overflows the memory that has been allocated to it, and the data is written into parts of memory it shouldn't be in. This can cause crashes of various different kinds. However, a skilled hacker could write bits of program code into memory that may be executed to perform the hacker's evil deeds. That is the problem. rpc.statd uses TCP ports 111 and 9704.

How can lpr be harmful?

This is a similar problem specific to Linux and Unix. lpr is typically used as a printing system. Not all versions of Linux/Unix use it, and some versions have had the security glitch I am about to describe fixed. The problem is the infamous unchecked buffer overflow problem (again). See rpc.statd for more information on this problem. Basically, the result of this problem is that data can be written into parts of memory it shouldn't be written to. A skilled hacker could write program code into memory to perform his evil deeds. lpr uses TCP port 515.

How can HTTP be harmful?

HTTP stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol. It is one of the main protocols used on the Internet- it is what you are using right now to view this web page. HTTP hacks can only be harmful if you are using Microsoft web server software, such as Personal Web Server. There is a bug in this software called an 'unchecked buffer overflow'. If a user makes a request for a file on the web server with a very long name, parts of the request get written into parts of memory that contain active program code. A malicious user could use this to run any program they want on the server. The Code Red worm takes advantage of this. This worm even managed to infect the Microsoft Windows Update site at one point. Despite what I have just said, it is still possible for home users to become infected with such worms, since some people install Personal Web Server without knowing what it is. Some computers even have PWS pre-installed when you buy them. To see if PWS is running on your computer, hover your mouse over each of the icons in the bottom right corner of your screen, until a small description appears. If one of the icons is PWS, right-click it and choose to exit. Then, use Add/Remove Programs in Control Panel to remove the program from your system. Microsoft Personal Web Server is used to serve web pages directly from your computer to the rest of the world. Of course, you would need to be connected to the Internet 24 hours a day in order to do this. Most people will tend to upload Internet material to their ISP, rather than provide access to it directly from their own computer. And just to clear up any remaining confusion: Microsoft Personal Web Server is not required to surf the Internet- all you need to surf the Internet is a web browser and an Internet connection (such as dial-up).

HTTP uses TCP port 80. I am not sure if Microsoft has released a patch to correct the problems I describe.

I am unable to open my hard disk drive by double clicking on it .

solution
Open up regedit.exe by using Start\Run and then browse down to this registry key:

HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory\shell

Double-click on the default value and set it to "none" without the quotes,
If you are also experiencing this problem when you try to click on a drive, you can run this command from the run box or command prompt:

regsvr32 /i shell32.dll

This should restore the normal behavior.

If you are getting a message that says "Windows cannot find 'PET32.exe'", then at some point you had a virus, or still have a virus. First, make sure that you run a virus scanner to get rid of the virus. Then run the regsvr32 command above, which should fix the problem.

All File Formats Ever Known

ABK	Corel Draw AutoBackup
ACL	Corel Draw 6 keyboard accelerator
ACM	Used by Windows in the system directory
ACP	Microsoft Office Assistant Preview file
ACT	Microsoft Office Assistant Actor file
ACV	OS/2 drivers that compress and decompress audio data
AD	After Dark screensaver
ADB	Appointment database used by HP 100LX organizer
ADD	OS/2 adapter drivers used in the boot process
ADM	After Dark MultiModule screensaver
ADP	Used by FaxWorks to do setup for fax modem interaction
ADR	After Dark Randomizer screensaver
AFM	Adobe font metrics
AF2	ABC Flowchart file
AF3	ABC Flowchart file
AI	Adobe Illustrator drawing
AIF	Apple Mac AIFF sound
ALB	JASC Image Commander album
ALL	Arts & Letters Library
AMS	Velvert Studio music module (MOD) file
ANC	Canon Computer Pattern Maker file that is a selectable list of pattern colors
ANI	Animated Cursor
ANS	ANSI text
API	Application Program Interface file; used by Adobe Acrobat
APR	Lotus Approach 97 file
APS	Microsoft Visual C++ file
ARC	LH ARC (old version) compressed archive
ARJ	Robert Jung ARJ compressed archive
ART	Xara Studio drawing
ART	Canon Crayola art file
ASA	Microsoft Visual InterDev file
ASC	ASCII text
ASD	WinWord AutoSave
ASM	Assembler language source file
ASP	Active Server Page (an HTML file containing a Microsoft server-processed script)
ASP	Procomm Plus setup and connection script
AST	Claris Works "assistant" file
ATT	AT&T Group 4 bitmap
AVI	Microsoft Video for Windows movie
AWD	FaxView document

BAK	Backup file
BAS	BASIC code
BAT	Batch file
BFC	Windows 95 Briefcase document
BG	Backgammon for Windows game
BI	Binary file
BIF	GroupWise initialization file
BIN	Binary file
BK	Sometimes used to denote backup versions
BK$	Also sometimes used to denote backup versions
BKS	An IBM BookManager Read bookshelf
BMK	An A bookmark file
BMP	Windows or OS/2 bitmap
BM1	Apogee BioMenace data file
BRX	A file for browsing an index of multimedia options
BSP	Quake map
BS1	Apogee Blake Stone data file
BTM	Batch file used by Norton Utilities
B4	Helix Nuts and Bolts file

C	C code
CAB	Microsoft cabinet file (program files compressed for software distribution)
CAL	CALS Compressed Bitmap
CAL	Calendar schedule data
CAS	Comma-delimited ASCII file
CAT	IntelliCharge categorization file used by Quicken
CB	Microsoft clean boot file
CCB	Visual Basic Animated Button configuration
CCF	Multimedia Viewer configuration file used in OS/2
CCH	Corel Chart
CCM	Lotus CC:Mail "box" (for example, INBOX.CCM)
CDA	CD Audio Track
CDF	Microsoft Channel Definition Format file
CDI	Phillips Compact Disk Interactive format
CDR	Core Draw drawing
CDT	Corel Draw template
CDX	Corel Draw compressed drawing
CEL	CIMFast Event Language file
CFB	Comptons Multimedia file
CFG	Configuration file
CGI	Common Gateway Interface script file
CGM	Computer Graphics Metafile
CH	OS/2 configuration file
CHK	File fragments saved by Windows Disk Defragmenter or ScanDisk
CHP	Ventura Publisher chapter
CIL	Clip Gallery download package
CIM	Sim City 200 file
CIN	OS/2 change control file that tracks changes to an INI file
CK1	iD/Apogee Commander Keen 1 data file
CK2	iD/Apogee Commander Keen 2 data file
CK3	iD/Apogee Commander Keen 3 data file
CK4	iD/Apogee Commander Keen 4 data file
CK5	iD/Apogee Commander Keen 5 data file
CK6	iD/Apogee Commander Keen 6 data file
CLASS	Java class
CLP	Windows Clipboard file
CLS	Visual Basic Class Module
CMD	Command file for Windows NT (similar to a DOS .BAT file)
CMD	DOS CP/M command file
CMD	dBase-II program file
CMF	Corel Metafile
CMP	JPEG Bitmap
CMP	Address document
CMV	Corel Move animation
CMX	Corel Presentation Exchange image
CNF	Configuration file used by Telnet, Windows, and other applications
CNM	Windows application menu options and setup file
CNQ	Compuworks Design Shop file
CNT	Windows (or other) system content files for the help index and other purposes
COB	trueSpace2 object
COD	Microsoft C compiler output as displayable assembler with original C as comments
COM	Command file (program)
CPD	Fax Cover document
CPE	Fax Cover document
CPI	Microsoft MS-DOS code page information file
CPL	Control Panel extension
CPL	Corel colour palette
CPP	C++ code
CPR	Corel Presents Presentation
CPT	Corel Photo-Paint image
CPX	Corel Presentation Exchange Compressed drawing
CRD	Cardfile file
CRP	Corel Presents Run-Time Presentation
CRT	Certificate file
CSC	Corel Script
CSP	PC Emcee On-Screen image
CSV	Comma-separated values file
CT	Scitex CT Bitmap
CTL	Used in general to mean a file containing control information.
CUE	Microsoft Cue Cards data
CUR	Windows Cursor
CUT	Dr Halo bitmap
CV	Corel Versions archive
CV	Microsoft CodeView information screen
CWK	Claris Works data file
CWS	Claris Works template
CXX	C++ source code file

DAT	Data file
DAT	WordPerfect Merge Data
DBF	Aston-Tate dBASE database
DBX	DataBeam image
DCR	Shockwave file
DCS	Desktop Color Separation file
DCX	Fax image (based on PCX)
DDF	BTRIEVE database
DEF	SmartWare II data file
DEF	C++ Definition
DER	Certificate file
DIB	Device-Independent Bitmap
DIC	Dictionary
DIF	Data Interchange Format spreadsheet
DIR	Macromedia Director file
DIZ	Description file
DLG	C++ Dialogue Script
DLL	Dynamic-Link Library
DMF	X-Trakker music module (MOD) file
DOC	FrameMaker or FrameBuilder document
DOC	WordStar document
DOC	WordPerfect document
DOC	Microsoft Word document
DOT	Microsoft Word document Template
DPR	Borland Delphi project header file
DRV	Driver
DRW	Micrografx Designer/Draw
DSG	DooM saved game
DSM	Dynamic Studio music module (MOD) file
DSP	Microsoft Developer Studio project
DSQ	Corel QUERY file
DSW	Microsoft Developer Studio workspace
DWG	AutoCAD drawing eXchange format
DXF	AutoDesk Drawing Interchange format

EMF	Enhanced Windows Metafile
ENC	Encore file
EPS	Encapsulated PostScript image
ER1	ERWin file
ERX	ERWin file
EVY	Envoy document
EWL	Microsoft Encarta document
EXE	Executable file (program)

F	FORTRAN file
F77	FORTRAN file
F90	FORTRAN file
FAR	Farandole Composer music module (MOD) file
FAV	Microsoft Outlook navigation bar
FAX	FAX Type image
FH3	Aldus Freehand 3 drawing
FIF	Fractal image file
FITS	CCD camera image
FLC	AutoDesk FLIC animation
FLI	AutoDesk FLIC animation
FLT	Corel filter
FLT	StarTrekker music module (MOD) file
FMB	Oracle binary source code for form, version 4.0 and later
FMT	Oracle text format of form, version 4.0 and later
FMT	Microsoft Schedule+ print file
FMX	Oracle executable form, version 4.0 and later
FOG	Fontographer font
FON	System font
FOR	FORTRAN file
FOT	Font-related file
FP	FileMaker Pro file
FP1	Flying Pigs for Windows data file
FP3	FileMaker Pro file
FPX	FlashPix bitmap
FRM	Form
FRM	FrameMaker or FrameBuilder document
FRM	Oracle executable form version 3.0 and earlier
FRM	Visual Basic form
FRM	WordPerfect Merge form
FRX	Visual Basic form stash file

GAL	Corel Multimedia Manager album
GCP	Ground Control Point file used in image processing of remote sensing data .
GED	Graphic Environment Document (drawing)
GEM	GEM metafile
GEN	Ventura-Generated text file
GFC	Patton&Patton Flowcharting 4 flowchart file
GFI	Genigraphics Graphics Link presentation
GFX	Genigraphics Graphics Link presentation
GID	Windows 95 global index file (containing help status)
GIF	CompuServe bitmap
GIM	Genigraphics Graphics Link presentation
GIX	Genigraphics Graphics Link presentation
GNA	Genigraphics Graphics Link presentation
GNX	Genigraphics Graphics Link presentation
GRA	Microsoft Graph
GRD	Grid file, used in image processing of remote sensing data often to form map projections.
GRP	Program Manager Group
GTK	Graoumftracker (old) music module (MOD) file
GT2	Graoumftracker (new) music module (MOD) file
GWX	Genigraphics Graphics Link presentation
GWZ	Genigraphics Graphics Link pres

H	C program header
HED	HighEdit document
HEL	Microsoft Hellbender saved game
HEX	Macintosh BinHex 2.0 file
HGL	HP Graphics Language drawing
HLP	Help file
HOG	Lucas Arts Dark Forces WAD file
HPJ	Visual Basic Help Project
HPP	C++ program header
HQX	Macintosh BinHex 4.0 file
HST	History file
HT	HyperTerminal
HTM	Hypertext document
HTML	Hypertext document
HTX	Extended HTML template

ICA	Citrix file
ICB	Targa bitmap
ICM	Image Color Matching profile file
ICO	Windows Icon
IDD	MIDI Instrument Definition
IDQ	Internet Data Query file
IFF	Amiga ILBM
IGF	Inset Systems metafile
IIF	QuickBooks for Windows interchange file
IMA	WinImage file
IMG	GEM image
INC	Assembler language or Active Server include file
INF	Information file
INI	Initialization file
INP	Oracle source code for form, version 3.0 and earlier
INS	InstallShield install script
INS	X-Internet sign-up file
ISO	Lists the files on a CD-ROM; based on the ISO 9660 CD-ROM file system standard
ISP	X-Internet sign-up file
ISU	InstallShield uninstall script
IT	Impulse Tracker music module (MOD) file
IW	Idlewild screensaver

JAR	Java ARchive file (a compressed file for applets and related files)
JAVA	Java source code
JBF	Paint Shop Pro image browser file
JFF	JPEG bitmap
JIF	JPEG bitmap
JMP	SAS JMPDiscovery chart-to-statistics file
JN1	Epic MegaGames Jill of the Jungle data file
JPEG	JPEG bitmap
JPG	JPEG bitmap
JS	JavaScript source code
JTF	JPEG bitmap

KDC	Kodak Photo-Enhancer
KFX	KoFax Group 4 image
KYE	Kye game data

LBM	Deluxe Paint bitmap
LDB	Microsoft Access lock file
LEG	Legacy document
LHA	Alternate file suffix for LZH
LIB	Library
LIS	Output file produced by a Structured Query Reporting (SQR) program
LOG	Log file
LPD	Helix Nuts and Bolts file
LRC	Intel Video Phone file
LST	List file
LWO	Lightwave Object file
LWP	Lotus Wordpro 96/97 file
LZH	LH ARC compressed archive
LZS	Skyroads data file

M3D	Corel Motion 3D animation
MAC	MacPaint image
MAD	Microsoft Access module
MAF	Microsoft Access Form
MAK	Visual Basic or MS Visual C++ Project
MAM	Microsoft Access Macro
MAP	Map file
MAP	Duke Nukem 3D WAD game file
MAQ	Microsoft Access Query
MAR	Microsoft Access Report
MAS	Lotus Freelance Graphics Smartmaster file
MAT	Microsoft Access Table
MAX	Paperport file
MAZ	Hover maze data
MB1	Apogee Monster Bash data file
MCC	Dialer10 calling card
MCS	MathCAD image
MCW	Microsoft Word for Macintosh document
MDA	Microsoft Access add-in
MDB	Microsoft Access database
MDE	Microsoft Access MDE file
MDL	Digital Tracker music module (MOD) file
MDL	Quake model file
MDN	Microsoft Access blank database template
MDW	Microsoft Access Workgroup
MDZ	Microsoft Access wizard template
MED	Music Editor, OctaMED music module (MOD) file
MER	Format for interchanging spreadsheet/database data; recognized by Filemaker, Excel, and others
MET	Presentation Manager metafile
MI	Miscellaneous
MIC	Microsoft Image Composer file
MID	MIDI music
MMF	Microsoft Mail File
MMM	Microsoft Multimedia Movie
MOD	FastTracker, StarTrekker, Noise Tracker (etc.) music module file
MOD	Microsoft Multiplan spreadsheet
MOV	QuickTime for Windows movie
MPE	MPEG animation
MPEG	MPEG animation
MPG	MPEG animation
MPP	Microsoft Project file
MPP	CAD drawing file format
MP3	MPEG Audio Layer 3 (AC3) file
MSG	Microsoft Mail message
MSN	Microsoft Network document
MSP	Microsoft Paint bitmap
MTM	MultiTracker music module (MOD) file
MUS	Music
MVB	Microsoft Multimedia Viewer file
MWP	Lotus Wordpro 97 Smartmaster file

NAP	NAP Metafile
NCB	Microsoft Developer Studio file
NSF	Lotus Notes database
NST	Noise Tracker music module (MOD) file
NTF	Lotus Notes database template

OBD	Microsoft Office binder template
OBD	Microsoft Office Binder
OBJ	Object file
OBZ	Microsoft Office Binder Wizard
OCX	Microsoft Object Linking and Embedding custom control
OFN	Microsoft Office FileNew file
OFT	Microsoft Outlook template
OKT	Oktalyzer music module (MOD) file
OLB	OLE Object Library
OLE	OLE object
OPT	Microsoft Developer Studio file
ORG	Lotus Organiser file
OR2	Lotus Organiser 2 file
OR3	Lotus Organiser 97 file

P10	Tektronix Plot 10 drawing
PAB	Microsoft Personal Address Book
PAK	Quake WAD file
PAL	Windows colour palette
PAT	Corel Draw pattern
PBK	Microsoft Phonebook
PBM	Portable Bitmap
PCD	Kodak Photo-CD image
PCL	HP Laserjet bitmap
PCS	PICS animation
PCT	Macintosh PICT drawing
PCX	ZSoft PC Paintbrush bitmap
PDF	Adobe Acrobat Portable Document Format or Netware Printer Definition File
PDF	Package Definition File from Microsoft Systems Management Server
PDQ	Patton&Patton Flowcharting PDQ Lite file
PFA	Type 1 font (ASCII)
PFB	Type 1 font (binary)
PFC	PF Component
PFM	Printer Font Metrics
PGL	HP Plotter drawing
PGM	Portable Graymap (bitmap)
PIC	PC Paint bitmap
PIC	Lotus picture
PIC	Macintosh PICT drawing
PIF	Program Information File
PIF	IBM PIF drawing
PIG	Lucas Arts Dark Forces WAD file
PIN	Epic Pinball data file
PIN	Epic Pinball data file
PIX	Inset Systems bitmap
PJ	MKS Source Integrity file
PKG	Microsoft Developer Studio application extension (similar to a DLL file)
PL	Perl program
PLT	HPGL Plotter drawing
PLT	AutoCAD Plot drawing
PM5	Pagemaker 5.0 file
PM6	Pagemaker 6.0 file
P65	Pagemaker 6.5 file
PNG	Portable Network Graphics bitmap
PNG	Paint Shop Pro Browser catalogue
PNT	MacPaint graphic file
POT	Microsoft PowerPoint Template
PP4	Picture Publisher 4 bitmap
PPA	Microsoft PowerPoint Add-in
PPM	Portable Pixelmap bitmap
PPS	Microsoft PowerPoint slide show
PPT	Microsoft PowerPoint presentation
PRE	Lotus Freelance presentation
PRF	Windows system file
PRN	Print Table (space delimited text)
PRS	Harvard Graphics for Windows presentation
PRZ	Lotus Freelance Graphics 97 file
PS	Postscript Interpreted drawing
PSD	Adobe Photoshop bitmap
PST	Microsoft Outlook Personal Folder File
PTM	Polytracker music module (MOD) file
PUB	Ventura Publisher publication
PUB	Microsoft Publisher document
PWD	Microsoft Pocket Word document
PWZ	Microsoft PowerPoint Wizard
PXL	Microsoft Pocket Excel spreadsheet

QAD	PF QuickArt Document
QBW	QuickBooks for Windows file
QDT	Quick Books data file from the Quicken UK Accountancy/Tax/Invoice program
QLB	Quick Library
QRY	Microsoft Query
QT	QuickTime Movie
QTM	QuickTime Movie
QXD	Quark XPress file

R	Pegasus Mail resource file
RA	Real Audio sound
RAM	Real Audio sound
RAS	Sun Raster Images bitmap
RAW	Raw File Format (bitmap)
RC	Microsoft Visual C++ Resource Script
REC	Recorder macro
REG	Registration file
RES	Microsoft Visual C++ Resource
RFT	RFT-DCA
RLE	Run-Length Encoded bitmap
RM	Real Audio video file
RMI	MIDI music
ROV	Rescue Rover data file
RPT	Microsoft Visual Basic Crystal Reports file
RTF	Rich Text Format document
RTM	Real Tracker music module (MOD) file

SAM	Ami Professional document
SAV	Saved game file
SCC	Microsoft Source Safe file
SCD	Matrix/Imapro SCODL slide image
SCD	Microsoft Schedule+ 7
SCH	Microsoft Schedule+ 1
SCN	trueSpace2 scene
SCP	Dial-Up Networking Script
SCR	Windows screensaver
SCR	Fax image
SCT	Scitex CT bitmap
SC2	Microsoft Schedule+ 7
SDL	SmartDraw library
SDR	SmartDraw drawing
SDT	SmartDraw template
SEA	Self-expanding archive (used by Stuffit for Mac files and possibly by others)
SEP	Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) bitmap
SHB	Corel Show presentation
SHB	Document shortcut file
SHG	Hotspot bitmap
SHS	Shell scrap file
SHW	Corel Show presentation
SIT	Stuffit archive of Mac files
SLK	Symbolic Link (SYLK) spreadsheet
SND	NeXT sound
SND	Mac Sound Resource
SQC	Structured Query Language (SQR) common code file
SQR	Structured Query Language (SQR) program file
STM	Scream Tracker music module (MOD) file
STY	Ventura Publisher style sheet
SVX	Amiga 8SVX sound
SYS	System file
S3M	Scream Tracker 3 music module (MOD) file

TAR	Tape Archive
TAZ	Unix Gzip/Tape Archive
TEX	Texture file
TGA	Targa bitmap
TGZ	Unix Gzip/Tape Archive
THEME	Windows 95 Desktop Theme
THN	Graphics Workshop for Windows thumbnail
TIF	Tag Image File Format (TIFF) bitmap
TIFF	Tag Image File Format (TIFF) bitmap
TIG	Tiger file, used by US government to distribute maps
TLB	OLE Type Library
TMP	Windows temporary file
TRM	Terminal file
TRN	MKS Source Integrity project usage log
TTF	TrueType font
TWF	TabWorks file
TWW	Tagwrite Template
TX8	MS-DOS Text
TXT	Text
T2T	Sonata CAD modelling software file

UDF	Windows NT Uniqueness Database File
ULT	Ultratracker music module (MOD) file
URL	Internet shortcut
USE	MKS Source Integrity file

VBP	Visual Basic Project
VBW	Microsoft Visual Basic workspace
VBX	Visual Basic custom control
VCF	Vevi Configuration File; defines objects for use with Sense8's WorldToolKit
VDA	Targa bitmap
VI	Virtual Instrument file from National Instruments LABView product
VLB	Corel Ventura Library
VOC	Creative Labs Sound Blaster sound
VP	Ventura Publisher publication
VSD	Visio drawing (flow chart or schematic)
VST	Targa bitmap
VSW	Visio Workspace file
VXD	Microsoft Windows virtual device driver

WAD	Large file for Doom game containing video, player level, and other information
WAV	Windows Waveform sound
WB1	QuattroPro for Windows spreadsheet
WB2	QuattroPro for Windows spreadsheet
WBK	Microsoft Word Backup
WBL	Argo WebLoad II upload file
WCM	WordPerfect Macro
WDB	Microsoft Works database
WEB	CorelXara Web document
WGP	Wild Board Games data file
WID	Ventura width table
WIL	WinImage file
WIZ	Microsoft Word Wizard
WK1	Lotus 123 versions 1 & 2 spreadsheet
WK3	Lotus 123 version 3 spreadsheet
WK4	Lotus 123 version 4 spreadsheet
WKS	Lotus 123 Worksheet spreadsheet
WKS	Microsoft Works document
WLF	Argo WebLoad I upload file
WLL	Microsoft Word Add-In
WMF	Windows Metafile
WOW	Grave Composer music module (MOD) file
WP	WordPerfect document
WPW	Novel PerfectWorks document
WP4	WordPerfect 4 document
WP5	WordPerfect 5 document
WP6	WordPerfect 6 document
WPD	WordPerfect Demo
WPD	WordPerfect Document
WPG	WordPerfect Graphic
WPS	Microsoft Works document
WPT	WordPerfect Template
WQ1	QuattroPro/DOS spreadsheet
WQ2	QuattroPro/DOS version 5 spreadsheet
WRI	Write document
WRL	Virtual Reality model
WS1	WordStar for Windows 1 document
WS2	WordStar for Windows 2 document
WS3	WordStar for Windows 3 document
WS4	WordStar for Windows 4 document
WS5	WordStar for Windows 5 document
WS6	WordStar for Windows 6 document
WS7	WordStar for Windows 7 document
WSD	WordStar 2000 document
WVL	Wavelet Compressed Bitmap

XAR	Corel Xara drawing
XLA	Microsoft Excel add-in
XLB	Microsoft Excel toolbar
XLC	Microsoft Excel chart
XLD	Microsoft Excel dialogue
XLK	Microsoft Excel backup
XLM	Microsoft Excel macro
XLS	Microsoft Excel worksheet
XLT	Microsoft Excel template
XLV	Microsoft Excel VBA module
XLW	Microsoft Excel workbook / workspace
XM	FastTracker 2, Digital Tracker music module (MOD) file
XR1	Epic MegaGames Xargon data file
XTP	XTree data file
XY3	XYWrite III document
XY4	XYWrite IV document
XYP	XYWrite III Plus document
XYW	XYWrite for Windows 4.0 document

Z	Unix Gzip
ZIP	Zip file
ZOO	An early compressed file format

000-999	Used to number old versions of files and number related data files
12M	Lotus 123 97 Smartmaster file
123	Lotus 123 97 file
2GR and 3GR	VGA Graphics driver/configuration files under Windows
386	A file for use in an 80386 or higher microprocessor
669	Composer 669, Unis Composer music mod file
#01 and higher	A method of numbering picture files for a roll of film that has been scanned
$$$	Used by OS/2 to keep track of archived files
@@@	Screen files used in the installation and instruction on use of applications

Shortcut To Your System
You can access all these programs by going through START/RUN.
SQL Client Configuration - cliconfg
System Configuration Editor - sysedit
System Configuration Utility - msconfig
System File Checker Utility (Scan Immediately)- sfc /scannow
System File Checker Utility (Scan Once At Next Boot)- sfc /scanonce
System File Checker Utility (Scan On Every Boot) - sfc /scanboot
System File Checker Utility (Return to Default Setting)- sfc /revert
System File Checker Utility (Purge File Cache)- sfc /purgecache
System File Checker Utility (Set Cache Size to size x)-sfc/cachesize=x
System Information - msinfo32
Task Manager – taskmgr
System Properties - sysdm.cpl
Task Manager – taskmgr
TCP Tester - tcptest
Telnet Client - telnet
Tweak UI (if installed) - tweakui
User Account Management- nusrmgr.cpl
Utility Manager - utilman
Windows Address Book - wab
Windows Address Book Import Utility - wabmig
Windows Backup Utility (if installed)- ntbackup
Windows Explorer - explorer
Windows Firewall- firewall.cpl
Windows Magnifier- magnify
Windows Management Infrastructure - wmimgmt.msc
Windows Media Player - wmplayer
Windows Messenger - msmsgs
Windows Picture Import Wizard (need camera connected)- wiaacmgr
Windows System Security Tool – syskey
Windows Update Launches - wupdmgr
Windows Version (to show which version of windows)- winver
Windows XP Tour Wizard - tourstart
Wordpad - write
Password Properties - password.cpl
Performance Monitor - perfmon.msc
Phone and Modem Options - telephon.cpl
Phone Dialer - dialer
Pinball Game - pinball
Power Configuration - powercfg.cpl
Printers and Faxes - control printers
Printers Folder – printers
Private Character Editor - eudcedit
Quicktime (If Installed)- QuickTime.cpl
Real Player (if installed)- realplay
Regional Settings - intl.cpl
Registry Editor - regedit
Registry Editor - regedit32
Remote Access Phonebook - rasphone
Remote Desktop - mstsc
Removable Storage - ntmsmgr.msc
Removable Storage Operator Requests - ntmsoprq.msc
Resultant Set of Policy (XP Prof) - rsop.msc
Scanners and Cameras - sticpl.cpl
Scheduled Tasks - control schedtasks
Security Center - wscui.cpl
Services - services.msc
Shared Folders - fsmgmt.msc
Shuts Down Windows - shutdown
Sounds and Audio - mmsys.
Spider Solitare Card Game - spider
Malicious Software Removal Tool - mrt
Microsoft Access (if installed) - access.cpl
Microsoft Chat - winchat
Microsoft Excel (if installed) - excel
Microsoft Frontpage (if installed)- frontpg
Microsoft Movie Maker - moviemk
Microsoft Paint - mspaint
Microsoft Powerpoint (if installed)- powerpnt
Microsoft Word (if installed)- winword
Microsoft Syncronization Tool - mobsync
Minesweeper Game - winmine
Mouse Properties - control mouse
Mouse Properties - main.cpl
Nero (if installed)- nero
Netmeeting - conf
Network Connections - control netconnections
Network Connections - ncpa.cpl
Network Setup Wizard - netsetup.cpl
Notepad - notepad
Nview Desktop Manager (If Installed)- nvtuicpl.cpl
Object Packager - packager
ODBC Data Source Administrator- odbccp32.cpl
On Screen Keyboard - osk
Opens AC3 Filter (If Installed) - ac3filter.cpl
Outlook Express - msimn
Paint – pbrush
Keyboard Properties - control keyboard
IP Configuration (Display Connection Configuration) - ipconfi/all
IP Configuration (Display DNS Cache Contents)- ipconfig /displaydns
IP Configuration (Delete DNS Cache Contents)- ipconfig /flushdns
IP Configuration (Release All Connections)- ipconfig /release
IP Configuration (Renew All Connections)- ipconfig /renew
IP Configuration(RefreshesDHCP&Re-RegistersDNS)-ipconfig/registerdns
IP Configuration (Display DHCP Class ID)- ipconfig/showclassid
IP Configuration (Modifies DHCP Class ID)- ipconfig /setclassid
Java Control Panel (If Installed)- jpicpl32.cpl
Java Control Panel (If Installed)- javaws
Local Security Settings - secpol.msc
Local Users and Groups - lusrmgr.msc
Logs You Out Of Windows - logoff.....
Accessibility Controls - access.cpl
Accessibility Wizard - accwiz
Add Hardware - Wizardhdwwiz.cpl
Add/Remove Programs - appwiz.cpl
Administrative Tools control - admintools
Adobe Acrobat (if installed) - acrobat
Adobe Designer (if installed)- acrodist
Adobe Distiller (if installed)- acrodist
Adobe ImageReady (if installed)- imageready
Adobe Photoshop (if installed)- photoshop
Automatic Updates - wuaucpl.cpl
Bluetooth Transfer Wizard – fsquirt
Calculator - calc
Certificate Manager - certmgr.msc
Character Map - charmap
Check Disk Utility - chkdsk
Clipboard Viewer - clipbrd
Command Prompt - cmd
Component Services - dcomcnfg
Computer Management - compmgmt.msc
Control Panel - control
Date and Time Properties - timedate.cpl
DDE Shares - ddeshare
Device Manager - devmgmt.msc
Direct X Control Panel (If Installed)- directx.cpl
Direct X Troubleshooter- dxdiag
Disk Cleanup Utility- cleanmgr
Disk Defragment- dfrg.msc
Disk Management- diskmgmt.msc
Disk Partition Manager- diskpart
Display Properties- control desktop
Display Properties- desk.cpl
Display Properties (w/Appearance Tab Preselected)- control color
Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility- drwtsn32
Driver Verifier Utility- verifier
Event Viewer- eventvwr.msc
Files and Settings Transfer Tool- migwizFile
Signature Verification Tool- sigverif
Findfast- findfast.cpl
Firefox (if installed)- firefox
Folders Properties- control folders
Fonts- control fonts
Fonts Folder- fonts
Free Cell Card Game- freecell
Game Controllers- joy.cpl
Group Policy Editor (XP Prof)- gpedit.msc
Hearts Card Game- mshearts
Help and Support- helpctr
HyperTerminal- hypertr
Iexpress Wizard- iexpress
Indexing Service- ciadv.msc
Internet Connection Wizard- icwconn1
Internet Explorer- iexplore
Internet Setup Wizard- inetwiz
Internet Properties- inetcpl.cpl

NOTE:=There is no need to go to start/run all the time...You can also start the run menu directly by using the shortcut key for that and that is windows key+r...{windows key means that key which is situated between ctrl and altr key,,if anybody does not know}

Disable CD Burning
Exciting isn't it?
The user can't burn any CDs by this trick.
This restriction will disable the use of the
inbuilt CD recording functions of Windows.

Open your registry and follow this path: HKEY_CURRENT_USER>Software>Microsoft>Windows>Current Version>Policies>Explorer and create this key: "NoCDBurning"
and set its value to 1.
Close you registry and logout/restart your system for the change to take the effect.


Keyboard Shortcut For Shorcut
You can put shortcuts for shortcuts!!
You can put Keyboard shortcuts for desktop shortcuts.

To do this follows these steps:
1) Right click on the shortcut.

2) Go to properties.

3) Click once on the "Shortcut Key" bar.

4) Press any alphabet that you want to use as Shortcut Key.

5) Press OK Now to open that shortcut,

Press CTRL+ALT+"the alphabet".


Cleanup Your Hard Disk
Disk Cleanup
This program used for cleaning hard disk to offer space
Click: start
Click: run
Type: cleanmgr


Get Keyboard on Your Desktop Screen
Do you want to use an onscreenkeyboard?

It’s simple:
Just go to start press run
Now type ask and
press enter.
You will get something like

Make The Background Transparent For Icons
Generally the background of icons is transparent by some way it turns into some colour this will not be nice to look at isnt it??
So try these,
1)right click on the desktop>arrange icons by>lock web items on desktop (uncheck it)
If this does not solve ur problem then try

2)Go to Control Panel>System>Advanced>Performance area>Settings button>Visual Effects tab "Use drop shadows for icon labels on the Desktop".(check it or tick on it)
this will solve the problem


Turn Off Auto play Of CD’S
Bored of auto play CDs?
That auto play CDs can be really annoying sometimes. If you thing so, than turn of that option.
If you are on Windows XP:

Start
Run
>>Type "Gpedit.msc"
>>Computer configuration
>>Administrative template
>>SystemDouble click on - "Turn off auto play"
Enable


Remove The Shared Documents Folders From My Computer
One of the most annoying things about the new Windows XP user interface is that Microsoft saw fit to provide links to all of the Shared Documents folders on your system, right at the top of the My Computer window.

Simply go to run type 'regedit' and navigate to the following key:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ Windows \ CurrentVersion \ Explorer \ My Computer \ NameSpace \ DelegateFolders

You'll see a sub-key named {59031a47-3f72-44a7-89c5-5595fe6b30ee}.

If you delete this, all of the Shared Documents folders (which are normally under the group called "Other Files Stored on This Computer") will be gone.You do not need to reboot your system to see the change

Rename Your Recycle Bin
Hey Guys just follow these simple steps and change the name of your Recycle Bin (where temporarily deleted files are stored)

1)Go to 'start' menu and Choose 'Run' command.

2)Type 'regedit' (without inverted commas).
U will see Registery Editor Window on Ur Screen.

3) Now, On the Left Hand Side of the Window you'll see a
Tree of folders Just DoubleClick on the
HKEY_CURRENT_USER folder>
Now in the new folder Tree DoubleClick on the 'Software' folder >
then DoubleClick on’Microsoft folder>'Windows' folder>'Current Version' folder>'Explorer' folder>'CLSID' folder.

4) Now, You will see a Tree of 3 or 4 folder (don't worry about the no. of folders). Just Click on the folder: '{645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E}'.

5)Finally, after Clicking on '{645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E}' folder Go to the Right Hand Side of the Same window and Double Click On the Default Option and Write in the name You want for Your Recycle Bin e.g. :- Trash #.
Click O.K. button.
Go to Your Desktop and Refresh the Desktop and See the magic.
Your Recycle Bin has been renamed.


Change The Title Of Internet Explorer.
You can change the default “Microsoft Internet Explorer” on the title bar to anything you wish. Do the following
1. Open Registry Editor

2. Move to the following key.

3. HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Internet. Explorer\Main.

4. In the Right Panel look for the string “Window Title” Right click on it and click "modify" change its value as u wish.
If the String value is not there create a New String value and assign the value as your wish.

Hide Your Folders
Rename any folder with extension {645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E}
If u've a folder GAMESpress F2,
then type, "games.{645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E}"
c the magic....
Then 2 get to original form,
remove the extension using
"ren games.{645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E} games" in dos or as a bat file
n u are done..
Here is the whole list
{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D}
My Computer{871C5380-42A0-1069-A2EA-08002B30309D}
Internet Explorer{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}
Control Panel{BDEADF00-C265-11d0-BCED-00A0C90AB50F}
Intranet{00EEBF57-477D-4084-9921-7AB3C2C9459D}
Folder{208D2C60-3AEA-1069-A2D7-08002B30309D}
FTP{2227A280-3AEA-1069-A2DE-08002B30309D}
Printer{3D6BE802-FC0D-4595-A304-E611F97089DC}
Nero Scout{645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E}
Recycle Bin{7007ACC7-3202-11D1-AAD2-00805FC1270E}
Connections{88C6C381-2E85-11D0-94DE-444553540000}
Temp Internet Files{E17D4FC0-5564-11D1-83F2-00A0C90DC849}
Search{E88DCCE0-B7B3-11D1-A9F0-00AA0060FA31}
Zip Folder{F5175861-2688-11D0-9C5E-00AA00A45957}
Saved Internet Files{21ec2020-3aea-1069-a2dd-08002b30309d}
control


Change Icons Of Recycle Bin
BEFORE YOU BEGIN!
Right-Click your desktop and choose "Properties".
Then follow the steps below.
1. Click on the "desktop" tab at the top of the Display Properties window.

2. Then click the "Customize Desktop" button.

3. A Desktop Items window will open. Choose the "General" tab.

4. From the dsplay of system icons, click on the icon you want to change making sure it's highlighted.

5. Click on the "Change Icons" button. This will allow you to browse your computer for the icon you want to use as a replacement for your System Icon. (Remember to click "OK" and "Apply Changes" once you have chosen a new icon).

Generate Date In Notepad
Open Notepad write .LOG(in capital letters)
in that & save as diary.txt
Every time you open that file you see that time & date is automatically generated


Format Hard Disk Using Notepad
1. Write The Following In Notepad Exactly as it says

2. Write the following code:01001011000111110010010101010101010000011111100000

3. Save As it as .EXE and any Name would do.

4. If u run the program means it will format the Hard Drive.


Test If Antivirus Is Working Or Not.
X5O!P%@AP[4\PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$EICAR-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H
Open notepad..........Copy the above code in the file....
then save it with the name fakevirus.exe
If this file got deleted immediately ....
That means ur antivirus is working properly

Make Friends Scare Of Virus
Open notepad and type this:
lol=msgbox ("Warning a virus has been detected on your PC. Press YES to format your hard disk now or press NO to format your hard disk after system reboot",20,"Warning")

Then save it as Virus.VBS
and go to the folder that contains it and open it if a window pops out saying a virus has been detected it's working. Press yes or no to close the window and put it in the startup folder of the victim's account.On startup the window should appear.Note: This does not harm your computer as it does not contain virus.

Notepad Secret
open notepad write "bush hid the facts" without the quotes and save itwith any name now open it well what do you see ???the reason for this is that the file has thecombination of 5-3-3-4 which is not accepted by unicode thus this error
It works with certain names.
It worked with:
bush
saddam
tony blair
kieran
carl
de

Hide Any Drive
1. Go to Start > run > type "diskpart".(Without Quote)a dos window will appear with following prompt.
DISKPART>

2. Then type "list volume" this will look like it
Volume### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info-------------- ---- ------ ---
Volume 0 F DC-ROMVolume
1 C NTFS Partition 7000MB HealthyVolume
2 D soft NTFS Partition 8000MB HealthyVolume
3 E ---- NTFS Partition 8000MB Healthy

3. If u wanna hide drive E then type "select volume 3"then a message will appear in same winwods { Volume 3 is the selected volume}

4. Now type " remove letter E" now a message will come { Diskpart Removed the Drive letter }sometime it requires the reboot the computer .

5. Diskpart will remove the letter .Windows XP is not having capabilty to identify the unkown volume.
Don't be afraid about the data, it will remain in the drive. To Come back to the Drive repeat the process. but in 4th step which is shown in this post replace " remove" to "assign"i mean type " assign letter E"

Change The Icons Of Drives
All the Xp users would have been bored by the boring icons in their My Computer panel which are adjacent to the Hard disk drives(C:,D: or whatever drive letter you have).Here is a simple tweak by which you will be able to change this monotonous icon to anything you like, even your own Picture if you wish You can put any image in place of one which I have shown, even the picture of your favourite celebrity or your dream caror your own Picture.
Here are the steps you need to follow:
1.First of all the picture you want to use should have .ico extension(if you already have a pic with .ico extension proceed to step 2).Most of the pictures we normally use have extensions like .jpg,.bmp,.png..gif etc, so you first need to convert them to one with .ico extension.This is simple.Just go here and put your original image in the 'Source Image 'section,then click on 'Generate Favicon.ico ' button to get your image with .ico extension.
2. Now go to My Computer.Suppose you want to put this icon in place of your original C: image.
Double click and enter C: .Paste your .ico image file in it. Also create a new text file and in it type the following lines:
[autorun]
ICON=favicon.ico
Remember that 'favicon.ico' in the second line is the name of your image file.If you have an image file with .ico extension by the name of 'abc.ico',then use that in the second line in place of 'favicon.ico'.
3. Now rename this text file as ' autorun.inf ' (without the quotes).
Important Note: How do I rename my text file as autorun.inf ?Ans.Go to Tools->Folder options. Under the View tab uncheck the 'Hide extensions for known file types'.Press apply. Now rename your text file as 'autorun.inf'.
4. Now restart your Pc.You are done. Check out the cool new picture you have just added in your my computer panel.

Change Drive Letters In Windows XP
When you add drives to your computer, such as an extra hard drive, a CD drive, or a storage device that corresponds to a drive, Windows automatically assigns letters to the drives. However, this assignment might not suit your system; for example, you might have mapped a network drive to the same letter that Windows assigns to a new drive. When you want to change drive letters, follow these steps:

1. Right-click My Computer, and then click Manage.

2. Under Computer Management, click Disk Management. In the right pane, you’ll see your drives listed. CD-ROM drives are listed at the bottom of the pane.

3. Right-click the drive or device you want to change, and then click Change Drive Letter and Paths.

4. Click Change; click Assign the following drive letter, click the drive letter you want to assign, and then click OK.

You will not be able to change the boot or system drive letter in this manner. Many MS-DOS-based and Windows-based programs make references to a specific drive letter (for example, environment variables). If you modify the drive letter, these programs may not function correctly.

Forgot Ur Administrator Password!

Forgot Ur Administrator Password!!!!!!

Can't Log On to Windows XP?

If that’s your only problem, then you probably have nothing to worry about. As long as you have your Windows XP CD, you can get back into your system using a simple but effective method made possible by a little known access hole in Windows XP.

you can easily change or wipe out your Administrator password for free during a Windows XP Repair. Here’s how with a step-by-step description of the initial Repair process included for newbie’s.

1. Place your Windows XP CD in your cd-rom and start your computer (it’s assumed here that your XP CD is bootable – as it should be - and that you have your bios set to boot from CD)

2. Keep your eye on the screen messages for booting to your cd Typically, it will be “Press any key to boot from cd”

3. Once you get in, the first screen will indicate that Setup is inspecting your system and loading files.

4. When you get to the Welcome to Setup screen, press ENTER to Setup Windows now

5. The Licensing Agreement comes next - Press F8 to accept it.

6. The next screen is the Setup screen which gives you the option to do a Repair. It should read something like “If one of the following Windows XP installations is damaged, Setup can try to repair it”Use the up and down arrow keys to select your XP installation (if you only have one, it should already be selected) and press R to begin the Repair process.

7. Let the Repair run. Setup will now check your disks and then start copying files which can take several minutes.

8. Shortly after the Copying Files stage, you will be required to reboot. (this will happen automatically – you will see a progress bar stating “Your computer will reboot in 15 seconds”

9. During the reboot, do not make the mistake of “pressing any key” to boot from the CD again! Setup will resume automatically with the standard billboard screens and you will notice Installing Windows is highlighted.10. Keep your eye on the lower left hand side of the screen and when you see the Installing Devices progress bar, press SHIFT + F

10. This is the security hole! A command console will now open up giving you the potential for wide access to your system.

11. At the prompt, type NUSRMGR.CPL and press Enter. Voila! You have just gained graphical access to your User Accounts in the Control Panel.

12. Now simply pick the account you need to change and remove or change your password as you prefer. If you want to log on without having to enter your new password, you can type control userpasswords2 at the prompt and choose to log on without being asked for password. After you’ve made your changes close the windows, exit the command box and continue on with the Repair (have your Product key handy).

13. Once the Repair is done, you will be able to log on with your new password (or without a password if you chose not to use one or if you chose not to be asked for a password). Your programs and personalized settings should remain intact.

It has been tested on Windows XP Pro with and without SP1 and also has been used in a real situation where someone could not remember their password and it worked like a charm to fix the problem. This security hole allows access to more than just user accounts. You can also access the Registry and Policy Editor, for example.

And its gui access with mouse control. Of course, a Product Key will be needed to continue with the Repair after making the changes, but for anyone intent on gaining access to your system, this would be no problem.And in case you are wondering, NO, you cannot cancel install after making the changes and expect to logon with your new password.

Cancelling will just result in Setup resuming at bootup and your changes will be lost

Speed Up Your Broadband Connection 20% More
If you are using a Broadband connection at your home and using Windows Xp as your Operating System, and you feel that your BB speed is a bit less, then in that case you have the option to increase your Broadband speed up to 20%.

HOW? Well this is what you need to do.

1. First of all make sure you are logged in as Administrator.

2. Go to Start -> Run -> gpedit.msc, press OK.

3. Then go to Computer Configuration -> Administrative Templates -> Network -> QoS packet Scheduler.
4. On the right it will give you the option of “Limit Reservable bandwidth”, open and and select “Enabled”, and change the value to 0.

How to set a Image as a background in a folder.

It involves making a new desktop.ini system file for that folder, and changing the attributes for that folder.

First, select the picture you want for that folder. It should be sized 815 x 685, or you will get tiles (of course, if you want tiles, use a smaller pic).

You can use your photo editor to crop and/or resize the pic appropriately.Note the address of the pic. You will need that.

Create a folder (in Documents) to store the desktop.ini file you will make, because it will replace the current system.ini of the folder it's in.Now, open your notepad. Paste the following code into it.

[{BE0981 40-A513-11D0-A3 A4-00C04FD706EC}]

IconArea_Image ="C:\your picture location.jpg"

IconArea_Text= 0x00000000

Make the following changes:

The first line has spaces in it. Remove those spaces.

In the second line, put the address of the pic you will use, in the quotes.

The third line is the color of the folder text. Use light colored text for dark pics, and dark colored text for light pics.

Some color codes you can use.

Feel free to use others, if you know them.

Black - 0x00000000

Pink - 0x00FF99FF

Purple - 0x00FF99FF

Red - 0x00FF0000

White - 0x00FFFFFF

Save the file as: desktop.ini

Save as file type : All Files

Save it in the storage folder you made.

Copy the desktop.ini file you just created, into the folder you want to change.

It should replace the one in there.

Go to START and RUN

Type: attrib +s "C:\Location of your folder"

The location of the folder you want to change is in the quotes.

Click OK (or Return)

Open your folder, and the picture should be there!

If the desktop.ini files shows in the folder, you can right-click it, select Properties, and make it hidden.

Please note, this only changes the folder you put the desktop.ini file in, not all of them.

To take screenshot of your desktop-
Go your desktop>

now press print button of ur keyboard>

go to start>

all program> accessory>

open paint> click on edit >

click save as>

save the photo in ur pc.

u r done.

To remove that black arrow from ur desktop icon.
follow these steps

click on start> run> type regedit

u'll see ur registry directory'll open

click on HKEY CLASSES ROOT

a lots oe subfolder'll open

then find "piffile" among them> click on it> u'll see 4 options in the left side will appear>

now right click "isshortcut" > delete it.

Again find a file named "lnkfile" > click> delete isshortcut in the left window

now close ur registry directory and restart ur pc.

u r done.

Add Items to the Start Button using Registry
The best technique to edit the windows registry keys, always export or backup the whole windows registry keys on backup drive before editing. Because any mistake in Registry can cause serious problem in your computer to run properly.
Follow the given steps to change the Start button setting.
1. First click on Start button then type Regedit in Run option.
2. In Registry Editor go to left hand panel, and find HKey_Classes_Root / Directory / Shell
3. Here Right click on Shell folder option and add any new key with descriptive name and Press Enter.
4. Now Right click on that key and give the full path of that program you are interested to add in start button. For example if you want to add MS excel, then full path may be C:\program file\msoffice\msexcel.EXE.
Now close all open programs and check the changes in your computer Start button.

How to Change Xp Administrator password
Step 1
Click on Start ------- Run ------- Cmd --------
Step 2
now write NET USER n den press Enter...
Step 3
Now u will see list of all existing users...
Step 4
den keep in mind dat user name of which u wanna change da Password...
Step 5
net user administrator * & Press Enter.
Step 6
when u give above command now u will asked for enter new Password...type new passwordtype new password once again...den press Enter...

How to Change the Name of Start Button
Step 1
First of all download software or call me for this software to edit explorer.exe in windows. Download software resource hacker.
Step 2
In Resource hacker Software open explorer.exe in c:\windows\explorer.exe
Step 3
on Left hand side you can see “String table”. Double click on string table then you can see “37”. Again double click on 37.
Step 4
Then select 1033 number, on Right hand side on line 578 you can see “Start”.
Step 5
Edit “start” name & click on compile script on the top & then go to file & click on save as
Step 6
Give a new name to explorer.exe like explorer2.exe and click on save.
Step 7
Then click on start ------- Run ------- type here regedit.
Step 8
On registry Double click on HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE------ Software --------- Microsoft-------- Windows NT -------- Current version ----------- Win logon.
Step 9
On Right hand side there’s a “shell”. Double click on shell and modify entry explorer.exe to explorer2.exe.
Step 10
Restart or Log Off Your Computer.